Natural single crystal diamond is an anisotropic single crystal. With a hardness of HV9000-10000, it is the hardest material in nature. The wear resistance of this material is excellent, the tool can be made to maintain dimensional stability for a long time during cutting, and therefore has a long tool life.
The natural diamond cutter edge can be machined extremely sharply. Can be used to make ophthalmic and neurosurgical scalpels; can be used to process curved surfaces of contact lenses; can be used to cut light-guided glass fibers; used to process patterns of gold and platinum jewelry; the most important uses are high-speed ultra-finishing non-ferrous metals and their alloys. Such as aluminum, gold, babbitt, beryllium copper, copper and so on. Ultra-precision machining tools made with natural diamonds have a circular arc at the tip of the knife and are observed under a microscope at 400 magnifications. They are used for processing aluminum alloy polyhedral mirrors, oxygen-free copper laser mirrors, gyroscopes, and video recorder drums. The roughness can reach Ra (0.01-0.025) μm.
The natural diamond material has poor toughness and low bending strength, only (0.2-0.5) Gpa. The thermal stability is poor, and the hardness will be lost when the temperature reaches 700°C-800°C. When the temperature is higher, it will be carbonized. In addition, it has a strong affinity with iron and is generally not suitable for processing steel.

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