Most plane milling is done by up-milling on light-duty machine tools with lead screws or ball screws. However, down milling should be used as much as possible to achieve better processing results.
Because when up-milling, the blade produces strong friction before cutting, which causes the machined surface to harden, making it difficult for the next tooth to cut. When down milling, the milling width should be approximately equal to 2/3 of the cutter diameter,
This ensures that the blade can cut into the workpiece immediately from the beginning, with almost no friction. If it is less than 1/2 the diameter of the milling cutter, the insert starts to “friction” the workpiece again, because the cutting thickness becomes smaller when cutting in.
The feed per tooth will also be reduced due to the narrowing of the radial cutting width. The result of “friction” shortens the tool life. For cemented carbide tools, it is more advantageous to increase the feed per tooth and reduce the depth of cut.
Therefore, during rough milling, if the radial cutting width is smaller than the radius of the milling cutter, increasing the cutting amount will increase the tool life and shorten the machining time. Of course, finishing milling requires a smooth surface of the workpiece, so the amount of cutting should be limited

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